Cent Eur J Nurs Midw 2025, 16(3):2254-2263 | DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2025.16.0018

COVID-19 vaccination among nurses: the role of personal and professional beliefs according to the Health Belief Model

Vasiliki Georgousopoulou1, Pinelopi Vlotinou2, Aspasia Serdari3, Anna Tsiakiri4, Dimitrios Kassimos5, Ioannis Koutelekos6, Maria Lavdaniti7, Georgios Manomenidis1
1 Department of Nursing, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
2 Department of Occupational Therapy, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
4 Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
5 Department of Pediatric, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
6 Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
7 Department of Nursing, International Hellenic University of Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece

Aim: To explore the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination uptake among nurses in Greece using the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, professional responsibilities, and the HBM dimensions. A total of 450 nurses from general hospitals, pediatric hospitals, and nursing homes were considered eligible for the study.

Results: Higher educational attainment (p = 0.03), positions of responsibility (p = 0.03), and belief in vaccine effectiveness (p < 0.001) were positively associated with vaccination. Older nurses (p < 0.001) and those with more years of service (p < 0.001) were more likely to be vaccinated. Nurses who had personal or professional exposure to severe COVID-19 cases were significantly more inclined to be vaccinated (p < 0.001). Regular influenza vaccination also correlated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake (p < 0.001). Barriers such as fear of side effects and distrust in vaccine safety were prevalent among nursing home staff, particularly those with lower educational levels. Conversely, general hospital nurses exhibited higher confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy, likely influenced by access to reliable information and direct exposure to COVID-19 cases.

Conclusion:  Findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions to address vaccine hesitancy, underlining education, trust-building, and the role of workplace policies.

Klíčová slova: COVID-19, Health Belief Model (HBM), nurses, vaccine hesitancy

Vloženo: 27. březen 2025; Revidováno: 1. srpen 2025; Přijato: 4. srpen 2025; Zveřejněno: 6. září 2025  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Georgousopoulou V, Vlotinou P, Serdari A, Tsiakiri A, Kassimos D, Koutelekos I, et al.. COVID-19 vaccination among nurses: the role of personal and professional beliefs according to the Health Belief Model. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2025;16(3):2254-2263. doi: 10.15452/cejnm.2025.16.0018.
Sdílet...
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Zobrazit celý článek

    Reference

    1. Di Gennaro, F., Murri, R., Segala, F. V., Cerruti, L., Abdulle, A., Saracino, A., Bavaro, D. F., & Fantoni, M. (2021). Attitudes towards anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination among healthcare workers: results from a national survey in Italy. Viruses, 13(3), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030371 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    2. French, J., Deshpande, S., Evans, W., & Obregon, R. (2020). Key guidelines in developing a pre-emptive COVID-19 vaccination uptake promotion strategy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165893 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    3. Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsoulas, T., Mariolis-Sapsakos, T., & Kaitelidou, D. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccines, 10(10), 1637. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101637 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    4. Getachew, T., Lami, M., Eyeberu, A., Balis, B., Debella, A., Eshetu, B., Degefa, M., Mesfin, S., Negash, A., Bekele, H., Turiye, G., Tamiru, D., Nigussie, K., Asfaw, H., Dessie, Y., Alemu, A., & Sertsu, A. (2022). Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among health care workers at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia using the Health Belief Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 957721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.957721 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    5. Giannakou, K., Kyprianidou, M., Heraclides, A., & Middleton, N. (2021). Predictors of intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Cyprus: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 656138.
    6. Islam, M. S., Kamal, A.-H. M., Kabir, A., Southern, D. L., Khan, S. H., Hasan, S. M. M., Sarkar, T., Sharmin, S., Das, S., Roy, T., Harun, M. G. D., Chughtai, A. A., Homaira, N., & Seale, H. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: the need for cognitive inoculation against misinformation to improve vaccine adherence. PLOS One, 16(5), e0251605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251605 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    7. Karlsson, L. C., Lewandowsky, S., Antfolk, J., Salo, P., Lindfelt, M., Oksanen, T., Kivimäki, M., & Soveri, A. (2019). The association between vaccination confidence, vaccination behavior, and willingness to recommend vaccines among Finnish healthcare workers. PloS One, 14(10), e0224330. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224330 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    8. Klimiuk, K., Czoska, A., Biernacka, K., & Balwicki, Ł. (2021). Vaccine misinformation on social media - topic-based content and sentiment analysis of Polish vaccine-deniers' comments on Facebook. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2026-2035. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1850072 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    9. Limbu, Y. B., Gautam, R. K., & Pham, L. (2022). The Health Belief Model applied to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review. Vaccines, 10(6), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060973 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    10. Miles, T. T., Li, S. J., Danzig, T., Marrero, M., Morales, I., & Babazadeh, S. (2024). Assessment of Covid-19 vaccine confidence among healthcare personnel in the safety-net sector in the United States and Puerto Rico. BMC health services research, 24(1), 580. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10996-z Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    11. Ngo, V. M., Zimmermann, K. F., Nguyen, P. V., Huynh, T. L. D., & Nguyen, H. H. (2022). How education and GDP drive the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Archives of Public Health, 80(1), 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00924-0 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    12. Olusanya, O. A., Bednarczyk, R. A., Davis, R. L., & Shaban-Nejad, A. (2021). Addressing parental vaccine hesitancy and other barriers to childhood / adolescent vaccination uptake during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 663074. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.663074 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    13. Papagiannis, D., Malli, F., Raptis, D. G., Papathanasiou, I. V., Fradelos, E. C., Daniil, Z., Rachiotis, G., & Gourgoulianis, K. I. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of health care professionals in Greece before the outbreak period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 4925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144925 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    14. Peterson, C. J., Lee, B., & Nugent, K. (2022). COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers - a review. Vaccines, 10(6), 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060948 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    15. Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988). Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education & Behavior, 15(2), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    16. Ruiz, J. B., & Bell, R. A. (2021). Predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: results of a nationwide survey. Vaccine, 39(7), 1080-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.010 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    17. Sethi, S., Kumar, A., Mandal, A., Shaikh, M., Hall, C. A., Kirk, J. M. W., Moss, P., Brookes, M. J., & Basu, S. (2021). The UPTAKE study: a cross-sectional survey examining the insights and beliefs of the UK population on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy. BMJ Open, 11(6), e048856. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048856 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    18. Shah, R., Ali, F. M., Nixon, S. J., Ingram, J. R., Salek, M. S., &, Finlay, A. Y. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life of the survivors, partners and family members: a cross-sectional international online survey. BMJ Open, 11(5), e047680. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047680 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    19. Shattock, A. J., Johnson, H. C., Sim, S. Y., Carter, A., Lambach, P., Hutubessy, R. C. W., Thompson, K. M., Badizadegan, K., Lambert, B., Ferrari, M. J., Jit, M., Fu, H., Silal, S. P., Hounsell, R. A., White, R. G., Mosser, J. F., Gaythorpe, K. A. M., Trotter, C. L., Lindstrand, A., O'Brien, K. L., … Bar-Zeev, N. (2024). Contribution of vaccination to improved survival and health: modelling 50 years of the Expanded Programme on Immunization. The Lancet, 403(10445), 1321-1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00850-X Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    20. Wong, L. P., Alias, H., Wong, P. F., Lee, H. Y., & AbuBakar, S. (2020). The use of the Health Belief Model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(9), 2204-2214. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1790279 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    21. World Health Organization & UNICEF. (2024). Global childhood immunization levels stalled in 2023, leaving manywithout life-saving protection. https://www.who.int/news/item/15-07-2024-global-childhood-immunization-levels-stalled-in-2023-leaving-many-without-life-saving-protection
    22. World Health Organization. (2023). COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines
    23. Wu, S.-W., & Chiang, P.-Y. (2023). Exploring the moderating effect of positive and negative word-of-mouth on the relationship between Health Belief Model and the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccines, 11(6), 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061027 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    24. Zhou, F., Jatlaoui, T. C., Leidner, A. J., Carter, R. J., Dong, X., Santoli, J. M., Stokley, S., Daskalakis, D. C., & Peacock, G. (2024). Health and economic benefits of routine childhood immunizations in the United States, 1994-2023. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 73(31), 681-686. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7331a2 Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...

    Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), která umožňuje nekomerční distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.


    Zpět na obsah