Cent Eur J Nurs Midw 2026, 17(2):2430-2437 | DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2026.17.0011

Assessment of Slovak nursesʼ Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience (HLKES-2): a preliminary study

Martina Solárová , Miloš Čakloš , Emília Miklovičová , Jarmila Kristová , Zuzana Bachratá , Gabriela Pénzesová
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Aim: The study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge and experience of health literacy using the Slovak 14-item HLKES-2 (Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Survey 2) and explore its links with selected variables.

Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Methods: The sample consisted of 255 Slovak nurses. The data were analyzed using basic statistical methods (Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman’s correlation) and we evaluated the psychometric properties of the tool.

Results: The results indicated low levels of health literacy knowledge (39.65%; 4.43 ± 2.58) and moderate levels of experience with health literacy (5.05 ± 2.58). Nurses’ knowledge was not related to their education, workplace, or prior training in health literacy (p > 0.05). Nurses working in general wards reported higher levels of health literacy experience compared to those in intensive care units (p = 0.018). The analysis showed low reliability for the ten multiple-choice knowledge items and good reliability for the four Likert-type experience items.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that nurses demonstrated substantial practical experience but possessed limited knowledge of health literacy. These results underscore the need to strengthen education in this area to enhance patient communication.

Klíčová slova: experience, health literacy, HLKES-2, knowledge, nursing, Slovakia

Vloženo: 5. říjen 2025; Revidováno: 8. březen 2026; Přijato: 17. březen 2026; Zveřejněno: 5. červen 2026  Zobrazit citaci

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Solárová M, Čakloš M, Miklovičová E, Kristová J, Bachratá Z, Pénzesová G. Assessment of Slovak nursesʼ Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience (HLKES-2): a preliminary study. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2026;17(2):2430-2437. doi: 10.15452/cejnm.2026.17.0011.
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