Cent Eur J Nurs Midw 2011, 2(4):295-302

White coat hypertension problems in childhood

Anna Ovšonková*, Daniela Kubisová
Department of Nursing, Jessenius Medical Faculty in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence and risk factors of white coat hypertension (WCH) in children.

Methods: We realized the retrospective study and analyzed records of 140 children (36 girls, 104 boys) with high blood pressure measured in cardiology outpatients' clinic, to whom a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was made and the type of hypertension was specified. Hypertension was diagnosed when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure measurements with auscultatory technique were ≥ 95th percentile for sex, age and height. White coat hypertension (WCH) has been defined as mean blood pressure (BP) readings in outpatients' clinic being located in the hypertensive range while 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is in the normal range.

Results: In the group of 140 children the presence of WCH was confirmed in 51 children (36,4 %) - 13 girls and 38 boys. WCH occurred in 36,1 % of girls and 36,5 % of boys in the total sample of respondents. Systolic BP in cardiology outpatients' clinic reached the value above the 95th percentile, diastolic BP below the 90th percentile. The most patients with WCH were 15 - 19 years old (80,4 %) and in 3rd - 90th percentile of BMI (72,5 %). Patients prevailed negative family history of hypertension (54,9 %) and fewer visit (2-4 times) of cardiology outpatients' clinic. Blood pressure of children was measured exclusively by a nurse in this outpatients' clinic.

Conclusion: Determination of the prevalence of WCH and its risk factors in children is important because of prevailing opinion that WCH in children is predisposition in permanent hypertension. Based on the detection of risk factors, we can implement prevention of WCH.

Keywords: white coat hypertension, blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, childhood, risk factors

Published: September 30, 2011  Show citation

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Ovšonková A, Kubisová D. White coat hypertension problems in childhood. Ošetřovatelství a porodní asistence. 2011;2(4):295-302.
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